This study explored the relationship between student performance in various low stakes formative quizzes and high stakes summative examination.
Material and Methods: A total of 145 students were included in this study. The aim of this observational study was to determine if frequently provided formative assessment methods like practice quizzes, take home assignments can have any positive impact on student learning strategies and assessment outcomes in examination. The formative assessment methods are extremely popular in medical educational training but the data supporting such claims is largely lacking. Formative and summative assessment methods are routine practices used to assess the students understanding and mastery in content and concepts which is delivered. Further prospective clinical studies are needed to validate the scoring systems used in this study and to provide accurate clinical diagnosis of malnutrition.Aim: The standardized mode of delivering curriculum across the globe is didactic lectures. Calculation of the INS may give correct diagnosis of severe malnutrition.
The PNRA provided some information on clinical outcome, whereas the NRI had the best relationship between the degree of malnutrition and length of stay. BMI seemed to underestimate the prevalence of malnutrition. The methods tested scored malnutrition at different frequencies. Screening and assessment of nutritional status should be integrated into clinical routine. Malnutrition seems to be a common diagnosis among hospitalised patients in Austria. Cancer patients had the worst nutritional status. Severe malnutrition was detected in 0.5% (BMI), 9.1% (PNRA), 5.2% (NRI) and 11.4% (INS) of the patients evaluated. Patients were variously diagnosed with moderate malnutrition: 9% (BMI), 42% (PNRA), 54.8% (NRI) and 30% (INS). The BMI showed 90.2% of the patients evaluated to have normal nutritional status, whereas the PNRA identified 48.9%, the NRI 40% and the INS 58.6% as well nourished. Four recommended methods, the Innsbruck nutrition score (INS), the Prideaux nutritional risk assessment (PNRA), the well established nutrition risk index (NRI), and the body mass index (BMI) were used to analyse nutritional status. In this study a comparison of four different methods for diagnosis of the nutritional status of patients admitted to a university hospital in Austria is presented.Ĭlinical data of 640 hospitalised patients were analysed in a prospective-descriptive study design. Despite intense clinical research, no commonly accepted diagnostic tool for assessment of nutritional status is yet available.
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